低溫礦井水作為礦山開采的伴生資源，其溫度通常介于10-25℃之間，直接排放不僅造成熱能浪費，還可能引發(fā)環(huán)境熱污染。通過熱能梯級利用技術(shù)，可將礦井水中的低品位熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為高價值能源，形成“水處理-熱回收-能源供給”的閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)。

　　Low temperature mine water, as an associated resource in mining, usually has a temperature between 10-25 ℃. Direct discharge not only causes waste of heat energy, but also may lead to environmental thermal pollution. Through the technology of thermal cascade utilization, low-grade thermal energy in mine water can be converted into high-value energy, forming a closed-loop system of "water treatment heat recovery energy supply".

　　低溫?zé)嵩刺匦耘c提取技術(shù)

　　Characteristics and Extraction Technology of Low Temperature Heat Source

　　低溫礦井水熱能屬于低品位熱源，需采用熱泵技術(shù)進(jìn)行能級提升。水源熱泵機(jī)組通過逆卡諾循環(huán)，消耗少量電能將礦井水中的熱量轉(zhuǎn)移至高溫?zé)嵩?。某煤礦實測數(shù)據(jù)顯示，當(dāng)?shù)V井水溫度為18℃時，熱泵制熱系數(shù)（COP）可達(dá)4.2，即每消耗1kW·h電能可輸出4.2kW·h熱能。對于含砂量較高的礦井水，需在熱泵前端加裝旋流除砂器與自動反沖洗過濾器，確保換熱器表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)維持在合理區(qū)間。

　　Low temperature mine water thermal energy belongs to low-grade heat sources and requires the use of heat pump technology for energy level enhancement. The water source heat pump unit uses a reverse Carnot cycle to transfer heat from mine water to a high-temperature heat source by consuming a small amount of electrical energy. According to actual measurement data from a coal mine, when the temperature of the mine water is 18 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump can reach 4.2, which means that for every 1kW · h of electricity consumed, 4.2kW · h of thermal energy can be output. For mine water with high sand content, it is necessary to install a cyclone desander and an automatic backwash filter at the front end of the heat pump to ensure that the surface heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is maintained within a reasonable range.

　　熱能梯級利用體系構(gòu)建

　　Construction of Thermal Energy Cascade Utilization System

　　初級利用：建筑供暖與生活熱水

　　Primary Utilization: Building Heating and Domestic Hot Water

　　礦井水經(jīng)熱泵提溫后，可直接用于礦區(qū)辦公樓、宿舍供暖及浴室熱水供應(yīng)。某礦區(qū)應(yīng)用案例表明，采用熱泵系統(tǒng)替代傳統(tǒng)鍋爐后，年節(jié)約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，減排二氧化碳。當(dāng)供暖回水溫度低于40℃時，可再次進(jìn)入熱泵進(jìn)行二次提溫，形成熱能循環(huán)利用鏈。

　　After being heated by a heat pump, mine water can be directly used for heating office buildings and dormitories in mining areas, as well as supplying hot water to bathrooms. A case study in a certain mining area shows that replacing traditional boilers with heat pump systems can save standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions annually. When the temperature of the heating return water is below 40 ℃, it can enter the heat pump again for secondary heating, forming a thermal energy recycling chain.

　　中級利用：工藝系統(tǒng)預(yù)熱

　　Intermediate utilization: preheating of process system

　　將熱泵輸出的50-60℃熱水引入選煤廠、瓦斯抽采系統(tǒng)等工藝環(huán)節(jié)，替代蒸汽或電加熱進(jìn)行物料預(yù)熱。某選煤廠實踐數(shù)據(jù)顯示，利用礦井水熱能預(yù)熱入洗原煤，可使浮選藥劑消耗量降低，精煤產(chǎn)率提升。

　　Introduce the 50-60 ℃ hot water output by the heat pump into the coal preparation plant, gas extraction system and other process links, replacing steam or electric heating for material preheating. Practical data from a certain coal preparation plant shows that using mine water thermal energy to preheat the washed raw coal can reduce the consumption of flotation reagents and increase the yield of clean coal.

　　高級利用：發(fā)電與制冷聯(lián)產(chǎn)

　　Advanced Utilization: Cogeneration of Power Generation and Refrigeration

　　在熱能富余區(qū)域，可構(gòu)建吸收式熱泵機(jī)組，利用高溫?zé)崮茯?qū)動溴化鋰溶液制冷，同步實現(xiàn)供暖與制冷需求。某礦區(qū)“熱-電-冷”三聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)年綜合能效比達(dá)1.6，較單功能系統(tǒng)節(jié)能。

　　In areas with excess thermal energy, absorption heat pump units can be constructed to use high-temperature thermal energy to drive the cooling of lithium bromide solution, simultaneously achieving heating and cooling needs. The annual comprehensive energy efficiency ratio of the "heating electricity cooling" triple supply system in a certain mining area reaches 1.6, which is more energy-efficient than a single function system.

　　系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化與節(jié)能增效

　　System optimization and energy-saving efficiency improvement

　　智能調(diào)控策略

　　Intelligent control strategy

　　部署物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器實時監(jiān)測礦井水流量、溫度及熱負(fù)荷需求，通過AI算法動態(tài)調(diào)整熱泵運行參數(shù)。某智慧礦山項目通過該技術(shù)，使熱泵系統(tǒng)平均COP提升，年節(jié)電量達(dá)萬千瓦時。

　　Deploy IoT sensors to monitor real-time mine water flow, temperature, and heat load requirements, and dynamically adjust heat pump operating parameters through AI algorithms. A certain smart mining project has improved the average COP of the heat pump system through this technology, saving up to 10000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually.

　　相變材料儲能

　　Phase change material energy storage

　　在礦井水處理池中布置相變材料（PCM）模塊，利用夜間低谷電價時段儲存熱能，白天高峰時段釋放。實驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示，PCM儲能系統(tǒng)使熱泵日運行時間縮短，峰谷電價差收益提升。

　　Install phase change material (PCM) modules in the mine water treatment tank to store thermal energy during low electricity prices at night and release it during peak hours during the day. Experimental data shows that PCM energy storage system shortens the daily operating time of heat pumps and increases the profit of peak valley electricity price difference.

　　多源協(xié)同供熱

　　Multi source collaborative heating

　　將礦井水熱能、太陽能集熱及余熱回收系統(tǒng)耦合，構(gòu)建多能互補供熱網(wǎng)絡(luò)。某北方礦區(qū)案例表明，多源協(xié)同系統(tǒng)使可再生能源供熱占比提升至，系統(tǒng)抗風(fēng)險能力顯著增強(qiáng)。

　　Coupling mine water thermal energy, solar energy collection, and waste heat recovery systems to construct a multi energy complementary heating network. A case study in a northern mining area shows that the multi-source collaborative system has increased the proportion of renewable energy heating and significantly enhanced the system's ability to resist risks.

　　環(huán)境效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)性評估

　　Environmental benefits and economic evaluation

　　以年處理100萬立方米低溫礦井水的礦山為例，實施熱能梯級利用后：

　　Taking a mine that processes 1 million cubic meters of low-temperature mine water annually as an example, after implementing thermal energy cascade utilization:

　　年減排二氧化碳，相當(dāng)于植樹造林；

　　Reducing carbon dioxide emissions annually is equivalent to afforestation;

　　替代傳統(tǒng)能源后，年運營成本降低；

　　After replacing traditional energy sources, the annual operating costs are reduced;

　　設(shè)備投資回收期通常為，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。

　　The payback period for equipment investment is usually, with significant economic benefits.

　　低溫礦井水處理設(shè)備的熱能梯級利用，通過熱泵提能、多級用能及智能調(diào)控，實現(xiàn)低品位熱源的高效轉(zhuǎn)化。該技術(shù)不僅符合“雙碳”目標(biāo)下礦山綠色轉(zhuǎn)型需求，更通過能源替代創(chuàng)造直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。隨著材料科學(xué)與數(shù)字技術(shù)的融合，未來礦井水熱能利用將向“零排放、全利用、智能化”方向發(fā)展，為礦業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供新范式。

　　The thermal energy cascade utilization of low-temperature mine water treatment equipment achieves efficient conversion of low-grade heat sources through heat pump energy enhancement, multi-stage energy consumption, and intelligent regulation. This technology not only meets the green transformation needs of mines under the "dual carbon" goal, but also creates direct economic benefits through energy substitution. With the integration of materials science and digital technology, the future utilization of mine water and heat energy will develop towards the direction of "zero emissions, full utilization, and intelligence", providing a new paradigm for sustainable development of the mining industry.

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